Special formats or characters in the Author, Title, Keywords or Abstract boxes require the use of standard HTML codes. Acceptable codes are given below for font effects, symbols, and foreign characters.
If you want your abstract to include the following:
...El Niño weather conditions raised pond temperatures to >35°, resulting in decreased populations of Culex tarsalis...
then the text you enter in the abstract form should look like this:
...El Niño weather conditions raised pond temperatures to >35°, resulting in decreased populations of <i>Culex tarsalis</i>...
The following table provides examples of how to delineate various font effects in your online abstract submission. The columns list the effect, the text code, and an example of each. You may combine multiple codes to achieve a desired effect.
| EFFECT | CODE | EXAMPLE |
|---|---|---|
| BOLD | <B>..</B> <strong>..</strong> |
<B>BOLD</B> |
| ITALIC | <I>..</I> <em>..</em> |
<I>ITALIC</I> |
| UNDERLINE | <U>..</U> |
<U>UNDERLINE</U> |
| SUPERSCRIPT | <SUP>..</SUP> |
<SUP>SUPER</SUP>SCRIPT |
| SUBSCRIPT | <SUB>..</SUB> |
<SUB>SUB</SUB>SCRIPT |
The following table lists the codes you will need to use in
order to submit special characters within your abstract over the
internet. The columns list the description of the character, show
the character as you would like it to be displayed and the
appropriate code that you would insert within the text of your
abstract to represent that character. Each of the font effects
listed above may be used in conjunction with these various
character codes.
NOTE that all of these codes start with a ampersand & and end on a semicolon ; . If you forget either, it will NOT render correctly.
| DESCRIPTION | CHARACTER | CODE |
|---|---|---|
| greater than symbol | > | > |
| less than symbol | < | < |
| inverted exclamation mark | ¡ | ¡ |
| cent sign | ¢ | ¢ |
| pound sterling sign | £ | £ |
| general currency sign | ¤ | ¤ |
| yen sign | ¥ | ¥ |
| broken vertical bar | ¦ | ¦ |
| section sign | § | § |
| spacing dieresis or umlaut | ¨ | ¨ |
| copyright sign | © | © |
| feminine ordinal indicator | ª | ª |
| left (double) angle quote | « | « |
| logical not sign | ¬ | ¬ |
| registered trademark sign | ® | ® |
| degree sign | ° | ° |
| plus-or-minus sign | ± | ± |
| micro sign | µ | µ |
| paragraph sign, pilcrow sign | ¶ | ¶ |
| middle dot, centered dot | · | · |
| superscript 1 | ¹ | ¹ |
| masculine ordinal indicator | º | º |
| right (double) angle quote | » | » |
| fraction 1/4 | ¼ | ¼ |
| fraction 1/2 | ½ | ½ |
| fraction 3/4 | ¾ | ¾ |
| inverted question mark | ¿ | ¿ |
| DESCRIPTION | CHARACTER | CODE |
|---|---|---|
| UPPERCASE CHARACTERS | ||
| capital A grave | À | À |
| capital A acute | Á | Á |
| capital A circumflex | Â | Â |
| capital A tilde | Ã | Ã |
| capital A dieresis or umlaut | Ä | Ä |
| capital A ring | Å | Å |
| capital AE ligature | Æ | Æ |
| capital C cedilla | Ç | Ç |
| capital E grave | È | È |
| capital E acute | É | É |
| capital E circumflex | Ê | Ê |
| capital E dieresis or umlaut | Ë | Ë |
| capital I grave | Ì | Ì |
| capital I acute | Í | Í |
| capital I circumflex | Î | Î |
| capital I dieresis or umlaut | Ï | Ï |
| capital ETH | Ð | Ð |
| capital N tilde | Ñ | Ñ |
| capital O grave | Ò | Ò |
| capital O acute | Ó | Ó |
| capital O circumflex | Ô | Ô |
| capital O tilde | Õ | Õ |
| capital O dieresis or umlaut | Ö | Ö |
| multiplication sign | × | × |
| capital O slash | Ø | Ø |
| capital U grave | Ù | Ù |
| capital U acute | Ú | Ú |
| capital U circumflex | Û | Û |
| capital U dieresis or umlaut | Ü | Ü |
| capital Y acute | Ý | Ý |
| capital THORN | Þ | Þ |
| LOWERCASE CHARACTERS | ||
| small sharp s, sz ligature | ß | ß |
| small a grave | à | à |
| small a acute | á | á |
| small a circumflex | â | â |
| small a tilde | ã | ã |
| small a dieresis or umlaut | ä | ä |
| small a ring | å | å |
| small ae ligature | æ | æ |
| small c cedilla | ç | ç |
| small e grave | è | è |
| small e acute | é | é |
| small e circumflex | ê | ê |
| small e dieresis or umlaut | ë | ë |
| small i grave | ì | ì |
| small i acute | í | í |
| small i circumflex | î | î |
| small i dieresis or umlaut | ï | ï |
| small eth | ð | ð |
| small n tilde | ñ | ñ |
| small o grave | ò | ò |
| small o acute | ó | ó |
| small o circumflex | ô | ô |
| small o tilde | õ | õ |
| small o dieresis or umlaut | ö | ö |
| division sign | ÷ | ÷ |
| small o slash | ø | ø |
| small u grave | ù | ù |
| small u acute | ú | ú |
| small u circumflex | û | û |
| small u dieresis or umlaut | ü | ü |
| small y acute | ý | ý |
| small thorn | þ | þ |
| small y dieresis or umlaut | ÿ | ÿ |
Special thanks to Alistair Cullum (SICB Electronic Communications Committee) for compiling this list.